Diabetic ketoacidosis

Topic: Medical-surgical

Life-threatening metabolic acidosis from ketone build-up when severe insulin deficiency drives fat breakdown; usually in type 1 diabetes after an infection or missed insulin. 2024 consensus criteria: glucose ≥200 mg/dL or known diabetes, ketonemia, and pH <7.3 and/or bicarbonate <18 mmol/L. Glucose can be near normal (euglycemic DKA), e.g., with SGLT2 inhibitors. Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath and dehydration are typical. Treatment centers on IV fluids, an insulin infusion and close potassium monitoring.

Also known as:

DKA

In Turkish:

Diyabetik ketoasidoz